Mortar and pastel made of metal, stone or wood were the status symbol of the Alchemist, Herbalist, Healer and later of the Pharmacist. They were used from antiquity to crush and mix minerals and other, usually dried substances (parts of animals, human-even mummies and plants) as medication, spices and foods.
Mortar and pastel, cast bronze Italy 1630
Two mortars and their pastels, cast Bronze North Africa 16th century