Surgery was very limited to minor procedures as abscess drainage and foreign bodies (arrows, bullets shrapnel etc.) and suturing lacerations. Hemorrhage was controlled by cauterie: applying heated metal probes or boiling oils onto the bleeding surface. When amputation started to be practiced bleeding large vessels were held by forceps and tied without burning the entire raw tissue that caused later severe complications
Amputation saw 17th. century
and Two small amputation saws c. 1700
Cauterie instrument, c. 1750
Tonsil guillotine 17th century
Lyston forceps c. 1850
2 Lyston’d personal amputation knives c. 1850 and James Syme’s ankle knife c. 1850
Assalini ligation artery forceps c.1810
Tenaculum for artery ligation c. 1800 and two suturing needles (same as used for sails)
Director and scoop c. 1750, silver
Lead bullet extractor and two hooks c. 1700, see another two bullets-foreign bodies probes-forceps, c. 1750 in show case N on your right.